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Java Developer interview questions: the 8 to ask

A Java developer designs, builds and maintains robust back-end applications, often business-critical microservices.

1.What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface since Java 8?
2.How does dependency injection work in Spring?
3.How do you detect and fix an N+1 problem with JPA?
4.Why does @Transactional on a private method not work?
5.How do you make a Kafka consumer idempotent?
6.Tell me about a production incident you solved: cause, fix, prevention.
7.How do you structure tests for a service that calls an external API?
8.When would you use a record instead of a regular class?

Tip: for every answer, ask for a concrete example (situation, action, result). An answer without an example is worth half.

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